Seiridium cardinale is a new threat to cypress trees in Cyprus

P. Tsopelas^1*, A. Angelopoulos² and K. Nikolaou³

¹ NAGREF-Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece
² University of Athens Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology & Systematics, 157 84 Athens, Greece
³ Forestry Department, 26 Louki Akrita Str., 1414 Lefkosia, Cyprus 

*tsop@fria.gr

Accepted for publication 29/10/07

Seiridium cardinale is a serious fungal pathogen of cypress trees, causing branch and trunk cankers. It is common in the Mediterranean region (Graniti, 1998) but has not been found in regular surveys in Cyprus, where Cupressus spp. are highly valued endemic trees and widely planted. In February 2007, we observed bark necrosis and resin exudation of 10-year old Cupressus macrocarpa ‘Goldcrest’ in a nursery in Lemesos (Limassol). We found acervuli with characteristic conidia of S. cardinale (Fig. 1) and the fungus was isolated from necrotic bark tissues from three different plants.

Colonies on PDA were dense, floccose, with grey aerial mycelium and radial growth rate of 10–12 mm per week on PDA at 25°C, similar to reference cultures of S. cardinale from Greece and Italy. Conidia were 5-septate, oblong-fusiform (20-29 x 8-10 μm), with characteristic hyaline, conical apical cells, about 1 μm long, again typical of S. cardinale (Fig. 1).

Figure 1: Conidia of Seiridium cardinale	Figure 2: Dead top of a Cupressus macrocarpa tree infected by Seiridium cardinale

In March 2007, three year-old plants of C. sempervirens and C. macrocarpa were stem inoculated (Tsopelas et al., 2007) with isolate ATHUM 5661, deposited in the culture collection of the University of Athens. Stem cankers (3-4 cm long) developed on both species three months after inoculation. Acervuli of S. cardinale were present in some cases. Control plants inoculated with sterile agar plugs remained healthy. S. cardinale was consistently re-isolated from infected plants.

This is the first report of S. cardinale in Cyprus. Cypress trees were imported by the nursery from Italy, where the disease is widespread, several years ago but none were imported since. The trees we observed had advanced symptom development (branch dieing), suggesting that the disease was introduced on the imported trees. We also found trees with young cankers (bark necrosis) that suggests spread within the nursery. There is a strong possibility that infected trees have been sold. Active surveillance of ornamental plantings is needed to prevent establishment of a damaging disease. 

References

Graniti A, 1998. Cypress canker: A pandemic in progress. Annual Review of Phytopathology 36, 91-114.

Tsopelas P, Barnes I, Wingfield MJ, Xenopoulos S, 2007. Seiridium cardinale on Juniperus species in Greece. Forest Pathology 37, 338-347.