Glossary
Many of the Glossary terms have been adapted from: Tronsmo, A.M., Collinge, D.B., Djurle, A., Munk, L., Yuen, J. and. Tronsmo, A. 2020 Plant pathology and plant diseases. CABI, Wallingford. ISBN 9781789243185.
- ABA
- Abiotic
- Abscisic acid
- Acervulus
- Acetosyringone
- Acquired resistance
- Active defence
- Active Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Adult plant resistance (APR)
- Aecidiospore
- Aecium
- Aerobic
- Aetiology
- Aflatoxin
- AFLP
- Aggressiveness
- Agonomycetes
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Allele
- Alternate host
- Amensalistic
- Anaerobic
- Anamorph
- Anastomosis
- Animalia
- Annual
- Antagonism
- Antagonist
- Antheridium
- Anthracnose
- Antibiosis
- Antibiotic
- Antibody
- Antigen
- Antiserum
- Apex
- Apoplast
- Apoptosis
- Apothecium
- Apparent infection rate
- Appressorium
- Arabidopsis thaliana
- Arabinoxylan
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)
- Arbuscule
- Arthrospore
- Ascocarp
- Ascogenus or fertile hyphae
- Ascogonium
- Ascomycete
- Ascomycota
- Ascostroma
- Ascus
- Aseptate
- Asexual
- Asexual reproduction
- Asexual spore
- Attenuation
- Autoecious
- Autogenesis
- Autophagy
- Autotroph
- Auxin
- Auxotroph
- Avirulent
- Avr gene
- BABA
- BAC
- Bactericide
- Bacteriophage
- Bacteriostatic
- Bacterium
- Basidiocarp
- Basidiomycete
- Basidiomycota
- Basidiospore
- Basidium
- Binucleate
- Bioassay
- Biocide
- Biofilm
- Biolistics
- Biological control
- Biological control agent (BCA)
- Biotechnology
- Biotic
- Biotrophy
- Biovar
- Bitunicate
- Blight
- Blotch
- Boom-and–bust cycle in plant pathology
- bottom-up forward genetics
- bottom-up
- Breeding
- Bunt
- Callose
- Callus
- Canker
- CAPS
- Capsid
- Capsule
- Catalase
- Cellulase
- Cellulose
- Chasmothecium
- Chemotheraphy
- Chitin
- Chitinase
- Chitosan
- Chlamydospore
- Chlorophyll
- Chloroplast
- Chlorosis
- Chromista
- Chromosome
- Chromosome walking
- Chronic symptoms
- CHS
- Chytridiomycota
- Circulative (persistent) transmission
- Cirrhus
- Clamp connection
- Cleistothecium
- Cloaca
- Coat protein
- Coelomycetes
- Coenocytic
- Colonisation
- Colony
- Commensalism
- Comparative epidemiology
- Compatibility
- Compatible
- Compound interest disease
- Confocal microscopy
- Conidiophore
- Conidium
- Conjugation
- Constitutive
- Contact fungicide
- Coronatine
- Corpus
- Cortex
- CPR
- CRISPR
- Crop loss
- Cross protection
- Crustaformeria
- Cryotheraphy
- Cryptobiosis
- Cultivar (abbr. cv.)
- Cuticle
- Cutin
- Cutinase
- Cyst
- Cytokinin
- Cytoplasma
- DAB
- Damping-off
- DAMPs
- Decision support system (DSS)
- Decoy
- Defence response
- Deletion
- Demicyclic
- Descriptive epidemiology
- Deuteriomycota
- DHAR
- Diagnosis
- Dicaryon
- Dichotomous
- Dieback
- DIG (Digoxigenin)
- Dikarya
- Dikaryotic
- Dimorphic
- Diploid
- Disease
- Disease assessment
- Disease cycle
- Disease forecasting
- Disease incidence
- Disease intensity
- Disease prevalence
- Disease progress curve
- Disease severity
- Disease syndrome
- Disease triangle
- Disinfect
- Disinfectant
- Dispersal
- Dissemination
- DNA
- Dominant gene
- Dormancy
- Downy mildew
- DPI
- Dry rot
- DsRed
- Durable resistance
- Dwarf
- Ectomycorrhiza
- Ectotrophic infection
- EDS
- Effector
- Egg
- Elicitor
- ELISA
- Encyst
- Encystment
- Endemic
- Endodermis
- Endomycorrhiza
- Endosphere or endobiome
- Enzyme
- Epidemic
- Epidemiology
- Epidermis
- Epinasty
- Epiphyte
- Episome
- Epistatis
- Epitope
- EPS- extracellular polysaccharides
- Eradication
- Ergosterol
- Ergotamines
- EST
- Ethylene
- ETI – Effector-triggered immunity
- Etiolation
- Etiology of disease
- Eukaryote
- Exclusion
- Exogenous
- Exponential growth
- Extracellular
- Exudate
- Facultative
- Facultative parasite
- Facultative saprophyte
- Fastidious
- Fertilization
- Filamentous
- Fimbria
- Fitness
- Flagellum
- Forma specialis
- forward genetics
- Fruit spot
- Fruiting body
- Fumonisin
- Fungal-like organisms
- Fungicide
- Fungicide resistance
- Fungistasis
- Fungistatic
- Fungus (pl. fungi)
- G-proteins (GTP-binding proteins)
- Gall
- Gametangium (pl. gametangia)
- Gamete
- Ganglion
- Gene bank
- Gene disruption
- Gene editing
- Gene-for-gene hypothesis
- Gene silencing
- General resistance
- Genome
- Genomics
- Genotype
- Genus
- Germ tube
- Germinate
- GFP (Green fluorescent protein)
- Gibberellin
- Glomeromycota
- Glomerospores
- Glucan
- Glutathion reductase
- Glycan
- GMO
- Golgi apparatus
- Gonad
- Grafting
- Gram staining
- Growth stage
- Gum
- Gummosis
- GUS gene (uidA)
- Guttation
- Habitat
- Halo
- Haploid
- Haplotype
- Hardiness
- Harpin
- Haustorium (pl. haustoria)
- Helpervirus
- Hemibiotrophy
- Hemicellulose
- Herbaceous plant
- Herbicide
- Heteroecious
- Heterokaryon
- Heterokaryosis
- Heterokont (flagella)
- Heterologous expression
- Heterothallic
- Heterotroph
- Heterozygous
- HIGS
- Holobiont
- Homokaryon
- Homologous
- Homothallic
- Homozygous
- Horizontal resistance
- Hormones or phytohomones
- Host plant
- Host range
- HR. see hypersensitive response
- HRGP
- Hrp genes
- Hyaline
- Hybrid
- Hydathode
- Hydrolysis
- Hydrophilic
- Hydrophobin
- Hydroxyl radical
- Hymenium
- Hyperparasite
- Hyperplasia
- Hypersensitive response/reaction, HR
- Hypertrophy
- Hypha (pl. hyphae)
- Hyphomycetes
- Hyphopodia
- Hypoplasia
- Hypovirulence
- Immunity
- Immunoassay
- Immunoblotting
- Immunochemistry
- Immunofluorescence
- Immunogold
- Immunoprecipitation
- Imperfect fungi
- Imperfect stage
- In vitro (meaning: in the glass)
- In vivo
- Incompatible
- Incubation period
- Induced resistance
- Induced systemic resistance
- Inducer
- Infect
- Infection peg
- Infectious period
- Infest (n. infestation)
- Initial inoculum
- Innate immunity
- Inoculate (n. inoculation)
- Inoculum density
- Inoculum (pl. inocula)
- Inoculum potential
- Integrated control
- Integrated pest management (IPM)
- Integration levels
- Intercellular
- Intercrop
- Interference competition
- Internodes
- Intestine
- Intracellular microorganisms
- Intron
- ISEM
- Isoflavonoid
- Isogenic
- Isolate
- ISR
- Isthmus
- Jasmonate
- Juvenile
- Karyogamy
- Koch´s postulates
- Laccase
- lacZ gene
- LAR
- Latency period
- Latent infection
- Lectins
- Legislation
- Lenticel
- Lesion
- Life cycle
- Lifestyles
- Ligation
- Lignification
- Lignin
- Lineage
- Linear regression
- Lipids
- Lipoxygenase
- Logarithmic growth rate
- Logistic growth
- LRR
- Luminol
- Lux gene
- M0 to M2. Mutated material
- Macroconidium
- Macrocyclic
- Macrofungi
- Macroscopic
- MAMP
- MAP-based cloning
- MAP kinase cascades
- Marker exchange
- Marker (Gene marker)
- Mating types
- mCherry
- Meiosis
- Meiospore
- Melanin
- Meristem
- Meristemic tip culture
- Mesofauna
- Metabolism
- Metabolite
- Metabolomics
- Metacorpus
- Metagenomics
- Microbiome
- Microbivory
- Microclimate
- Microconidium
- Microcyclic
- Microflora
- Micrometer (µm)
- Micronutrient
- Microscopic
- Middle lamella
- Mildew
- miRNA
- Mitosis
- Mitospore
- Mitosporic fungi
- Monoclonal antibody
- Monoculture
- Monocyclic
- Monokaryon
- Monophyly
- Morphology
- Mosaic
- Motif
- Motile
- Moult
- Multiline
- Mutagenesis
- Mutant
- Mutation
- Mutualism
- Mycelium
- Mycology
- Mycoparasite
- Mycophagy
- Mycoplasma
- Mycorrhiza
- Mycotoxin
- Mycovirus
- Myristoylation
- N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL)
- NADPD oxidase
- Nanometer (nm)
- Natality
- NBS-LRR Nucleotide-binding sequence - LRR
- near-host
- Near-isogenic lines
- Necrosis
- Necrotrophy
- Nematicide
- Nematode
- NGS
- Niche
- Nitroblue tetrazolium
- Non-host resistance
- Non-pathogenic
- Non-persistent transmission
- Nonseptate
- Nopaline
- NPR1
- NPTII
- Nuclear stock
- Nucleic acid
- Nucleotide
- Nullify-knowns forward genetics
- Obligate
- Ochratoxin
- Oidium
- Oligotroph
- Oligotropic
- Omics
- Omnivore
- Ontogenic resistance
- Oogonium
- Oomycete
- Oomycota
- Oospore
- Operon
- Ophisthokonta
- Opine
- ORF
- Organelle
- Osmosis
- Ostiole
- Ovary
- Oviduct
- Oxidative burst
- Oxidative cross-binding
- PAL
- PAMP
- Papilla
- Paralogistic growth
- Paraphysis
- Parasite
- Parthenogenesis
- Partial resistance
- Particle bombardment
- Pat gene
- Patch
- Pathogen
- Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity factor, Pat gene and effector
- Pathogenicity genes
- Pathogenicity-related protein
- Pathology
- Pathosystems
- Pathovar (pv.)
- Patulin
- PCR
- Pectin
- Pectinase
- Penetration
- Penetration peg
- Peptidoglycan
- Perennial
- Perfect stage
- Periplasma
- Perithecium
- Peritrichous
- Peroxidase
- Peroxide
- Persistence of viruses
- Persistent (circulative) transmission
- Pest
- Pesticide
- PGPR
- Phage
- Pharyngeal region
- Pharynx
- Phenotype
- Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
- Phloem
- Photosynthesis
- Phyllody
- Phylloplane
- Physiology
- Phytoalexin
- Phytoanticipin
- Phytobiome
- Phytohormone
- Phytopathogen
- Phytoplasma
- Phytotoxic
- Phytotoxin
- Pigment
- Pilus
- Plant quarantine
- Plaque lift
- Plasmid
- Plasmodesma
- Plasmodium
- Plasmogamy
- Plasmolysis
- Pleiotropy
- Ploidy
- Polar
- Polyclonal antibody
- Polycyclic
- Polygalacturonides
- Polyketide
- Polymerase
- Polyploid
- Polysaccharide
- PR protein
- Primary antibody
- Primary inoculum
- Primary symptoms
- Primer
- Probe
- Procorpus
- Prokaryote
- Promoter
- Propagative (circulative) transmission
- Propagule
- Prosorus
- Protease
- Protectant fungicide
- Protein kinase
- Protein phosphatase
- Proteomics
- Protoplasm
- Protoplast
- Protoplast fusion
- Protozoa
- Pruning
- Pseudothecium
- PTI (Sometimes MTI)
- Pto
- Pustule
- Pycnidium
- Pycniospore
- Pycnium
- QTL
- Quantitative epidemiology
- Quarantine
- Quiescent
- R gene
- Race
- Race-non-specific resistance
- Race specific resistance
- RAPD
- Reading frame
- Real-time PCR
- Receptive hyphae
- Recessive
- Recognition factors
- Recombination
- Remote sensing
- Reporter gene
- Reproduction
- Resistance
- Resistance gene
- Resistance response gene
- Resting spore
- Restriction enzyme
- Restriction site
- reverse genetics
- Reverse transcriptase
- Rhizoplane
- Rhizosphere
- Ri plasmid
- RIA
- Ribonuclease
- Ribosome
- Rind
- Ring spot
- RLK
- RNA
- RNA-seq
- RNAi
- Root rot
- ROS
- Rosette
- Rot
- RT-PCR
- ß-1,3-glucanase
- SA
- Salicylic acid
- Sanitation
- Saponins
- Saprophyte
- Saprotroph
- SAR
- Satellites (virus)
- Scab
- Scald
- SCAR
- Scion
- Sclerotium
- Screening
- SDS-PAGE
- Secondary antibody
- Secondary infection
- Secondary inoculum
- Secondary symptoms
- Sedentary
- Seed treatment
- Seedborne
- Selection
- Selective marker
- Seminal duct
- Senescence
- Sensu lato
- Septate
- Septum
- Serology
- Seta
- Sexual reproduction
- Sexual spore
- Shotgun cloning
- Signal peptide
- Signal transduction
- Signs
- Simple interest disease
- SIR model
- Site-directed mutagenesis
- Slime
- Slime mould
- Smut
- Soft rot
- Soilborne
- Sorus
- Southern blotting
- sp.
- Specialised metabolite (formerly Secondary metabolite)
- Spermatheca
- Spermatium
- Spermogonium
- Spicule
- Sporangiophore
- Sporangiospore
- Sporangium
- Spore
- Sporidium
- Sporocarp
- Sporodochium
- Sporophore
- Sporulate
- Spot
- SSLP
- SSR
- Stem rot
- Sterigma
- Sterile
- Sterilisation
- Stilbene
- Stoma
- Stomata
- Strain
- Stripe
- Stroma
- Stunting
- Stylet
- Suberin
- Substrate
- Superoxide
- Suppressive soil
- Surfactant
- Susceptible
- Symbiosis
- Symptom
- Syncytium
- Synergism
- Synnema
- Systematics
- Systemic
- Systemic fungicide
- T0, T1 and T2. Transformed material
- TALEN Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
- Targeted cloning
- Taxonomy
- Teleomorph
- Teliospore
- Telium
- Teratism
- Terpenoids
- Test plant
- Thallus
- Thermotherapy
- Threshold: Action threshold
- Ti plasmid
- Tissue
- Titer
- Tolerance
- Toxicity
- Toxin
- Transcription
- Transcription analysis
- Transcription factor TF
- Transcriptomics
- Transduction
- Transfer RNA
- Transformation
- Transgenic
- Transient transformation
- Translation
- Translocation
- Transmit
- Transoviral transmission
- Transpiration
- Transposon
- Trichothecene
- tRNA
- Tumour
- Two component regulators
- Tyloses
- Type I secretion
- Type II secretion
- Type III secretory pathway
- Ubiquitin (Ubi)
- Unicellular
- Uniflagellate
- Uninucleate
- Urediniospore
- Uredinium
- Uterus
- Variance
- Variety mixture=cultivar mixture
- Vascular system
- VBNC
- Vector
- Vector or Cloning vector
- Vegetative incompatibility
- Vegetative propagation
- Veriform
- Vertical resistance
- Vertifolia effect
- VIGS
- Vir gene
- Viroides
- Viron
- Virulence
- Virulent
- Virus
- Virus-Induced Gene Silencing
- Vulva
- Western blotting or immunoblotting
- Wetting agent
- Wild type
- Wilt
- Witches broom
- Xenobiotics
- Xylan
- Xylanase
- Xylem
- YAC
- Yeast
- Yeast two-hybrid system
- Yellows
- Yield loss
- Zearalenone
- Zoosporangium
- Zoospore
- Zygomycota
- Zygospore
- Zygote
