Syn. for pathogenicity factor. Broad sense: any pathogenicity factor (i.e. hormone, phytotoxin, protein, sRNA) produced or manipulated by a pathogen for its own needs. Narrow sense: a protein injected into or taken up by the host – often the cytoplasm – by the pathogen which affects host physiology, e.g., as an inhibitor of defence. Avr genes are special cases of effector genes where a genetic polymorphism is defined by the host. See MAMP and ETI, race specific resistance.
Adapted from: Tronsmo, A.M., Collinge, D.B., Djurle, A., Munk, L., Yuen, J. and. Tronsmo, A. 2020 Plant pathology and plant diseases. CABI, Wallingford.
ISBN 9781789243185.
https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781789243185/
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