Shulamit Manulis1 and Isaac Barash2
1 Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
2 Department of Plant Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| Taxonomy: | Bacteria; Proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; order Enterobacteriales; family Enterobacteriaceae; species Pantoea agglomerans. |
| Microbiological properties: | Gram-negative, non-capsulated, non-spore-forming, predominately motile rode. |
| Disease symptoms: | Gall formation at wound sites, mainly in the crown region of the stem. The host range of P. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae is restricted to Gypsophila paniculata, whereas P. agglomerans pv. betae is pathogenic on Beta vulgaris and gypsophila. |
| Disease control: | Pathogenic-free transplants and sanitation. No resistant cultivars are available. |
| Major virulence determinants: | Pathogenicity plasmid (pPATH), hrp cluster, type III virulence effectors, phytohormones. |
